The Parisian club has now claimed the season-opening trophy on fourteen separate times.
Paris Saint-Germain needed a dramatic leveler followed by a successful penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in the Gulf and capture a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The Champions League holders appeared to be coasting towards a comfortable triumph in the match featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after the French winger opened the scoring early on.
Yet, the southern French side fired twice late to seize a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker grabbed a crucial leveler in the dying moments to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the key figure, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, Nuno Mendes, and the young talent all scored with composure for PSG to complete a 4-1 shootout victory.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Marseille after completing a domestic double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.